Ultrastructural and morphalogical changes of mouse ovarian tissues following direct cover vitrification with different cryoprotectants

Cryopreservation of mammalian ovaries has been reported with different levels of success. Cryopreservation of ovarian tissue may be a potential alternative for treatment of infertility and many attempts have been done to improve the efficiency of ovarian cryopreservation. The objective of the present study was to compare the direct cover vitrification [DCV] with ethylene glycol [EG], dimethyl sulfoxide [DMSO] and EG plus DMSO. Eighty five mice were sacrificed by cervical dislocation and their ovaries were cryopreserved in the presence of 5% EG or DMSO alone or as mixture, 10% EG or DMSO alone or as mixture and a group with ascending concentrations of cryoprotectants. After toxicity testing and vitrification warming, the ovaries were fixed for histological and ultrastructural studies. In addition, the viability of mechanically isolated follicles was studied by trypan blue staining. All data were compared by ANOVA [p<0.05]. Ovarian tissues frozen in EG plus DMSO in ascending concentrations retained a higher percentage of morphologically normal and or viable follicles than tissues frozen in 10 M EG plus DMSO or in either concentration of EG and DMSO alone [p<0.001]. Ultrastructural analysis of ovarian tissues frozen in ascending concentrations of EG plus DMSO showed that these follicles were well preserved and it was very similar to the control group. Cryopreservation of ovarian tissue in EG plus DMSO is the most effective method for preserving the structural integrity of follicles within the ovary

Effect of ELF-EMF exposure on human neuroblastoma cell line: a proteomics analysis

Extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields [ELF-EMF] have been common in daily life all over the world. They have produced by power lines and electrical appliances, but higher levels of them have raised a lot of concerns about their carcinogenesis. Both epidemiological and laboratory studies have suggested that EMFs might increase cancer incidence, including acute childhood leukemia, brain and breast cancer. In the present study, SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cell line has exposed to 2mT, 50 Hz magnetic field for 3 h. Next, effect of this exposure on protein expression including over-expression or under-expression has assessed by proteomics. Bioinformatics and statistical analysis using progenesis same spot software on the obtained 2D electrophoresis has shown that expression of 189 proteins in exposed group has changed relative to control. Besides, PCA analysis has verified results of clustering, and has shown that protein data has clustered according to experimental conditions. The results of this study have shown that ELF-EMF changes cell morphology via altering protein expression, but more profound studies have needed to determine the kind of proteins altered

MRI based morphometry of caudate nucleus in normal persons

Because of continuous changing of anatomy, function and metabolism of the human brain, age- related change is a major risk factor in most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinsons and Huntingtons disease. Therefore, knowing patterns of age-related atrophy of brain tissue can identify causes and possible role of diseases in decreasing brain function with age. The aim of this study was to determine the age, sex, and hemispheric differences in volume of the human neostriatum [striatum] nucleus in right-handed healthy humans. This study was performed on 120 normal human subjects [60 males, 60 females] 15-65 years old that was divided into young [<40 years] and old [>/=40 years] groups. The sectional brain images obtained via magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] was analyzed and processed using the Image-J software and the caudate volume was calculated using the Cavalieri's principle. The analyses revealed bilateral age-related changes in the caudate volume of both sexes and the caudate nucleus was significantly smaller in older than younger subjects [P<0.001]. There were statistically significant volume differences between males and females [P<0.05] and there was a significant negative correlation between age and volume of the caudate nucleus. Our results provide useful baseline data on age and gender-related changes of caudate volume in neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinsons and Huntingtons, which has the potential to diagnose neurodegenerative disease before the appearance of typical clinical symptoms

Fertility preservation among the cancer patients by ovarian tissue cryopreservation, transplantation, and follicular development

Ovarian tissue freezing or cryopreservation might be the only acceptable method for preserving the young women fertility, before radiotherapy or chemotherapy. This technology might be used for patients with recurrent ovarian cysts or endometriosis, without ovarian stimulation. Many efforts have made to improve cryopreservation conditions that should be seriously considered for cancer patients. Vitrification is a process which prevents ovarian tissue from cryo damage, then preserves cell viability. Both methods have used for evaluating not only the follicular development, but also the fertility after freezing and thawing. In this manuscript, we have discussed the techniques of ovarian tissue vitrification, then graft and maturation or follicular development is also mentioned

Introducing a simple tissue equivalent anthropomorphic phantom for radiation dosimetry in diagnostic radiology and radiotherapy

It is important to measure organ dose in diagnostic radiology and radiotherapy. Because measurement on patients has some limitations, phantoms are being constructed to be implemented. One kind of several phantoms which is being used so far is anthropomorphic phantom which is similar to a man. In this work, using human natural bone as phantom skeletal tissue and paraffin plus NaCl [as impurity] as soft tissue substitute an anthropomorphic phantom was constructed which consists of three parts: 1. head and neck 2.torso 3.hip. Phantom dimensions were selected from the standard man. To measure absorbed dose in tissues, at the sites of parotid, thyroid, sternum, diaphragm, abdomen and hip some cylinders were inserted which were constructed from phantom material and had some cavities to insert TLDs in different depths. Due to importance of photoelectric effect in diagnostic radiology and Compton effect in radiotherapy, two important parameters which should be considered in construction of a phantom is effective atomic number and electronic density were6.57and 3.36×10[23] electron.gr[-1] , respectively

[ morphometeric magnetic resonance imaging study of age and gender-related volumetric changes of putamen nucleus in healthy humans]

The purpose of this study was to determine the age, sex, and hemispheric differences in volume of the human putamen nucleus in right-handed healthy humans. This study was performed on 120 normal human subjects [60 males, 60 females] 15-65 years old that was divided into young [<40 years] and old [>/= years] groups. The sectional brain images obtained via magnetic resonance imaging was analyzed and processed using the image-J software and the putamen volume was calculated using the Cavalieri's principle. The analyses revealed bilateral age-related shrinkage of the putamen in both sexes and the putamen was significantly smaller in older than younger subjects [P< 0.001]. The age-related shrinkage of the putamen in men and women was about 20.49% and 16.79%, respectively. There were no statistically significant volume differences between males and females. There were significant negative correlations between age and the volumes of the putamen nucleus. In both sexes, a significant rightward asymmetry was observed in the putamen [4.21% in men and 3.32% in women]. Bilateral age-related shrinkage and rightward asymmetry of the putamen was found in normal humans and there were no volume differences between men and women. Results provide useful baseline data to the age and sex-related change of the volume of putamen